Data Types in C

Data type ye decide karta hai ki variable ke andar kis type ka data store hoga aur kitni memory use hogi. Ye C programming ka sabse important concept hota hai.

Data Type = Type of Data + Memory Size

1. Data Type

Jab hum C mein variable declare karte hain, to compiler ko batana padta hai ki:

• Variable kis type ka data store karega
• Kitni memory reserve hogi
• Variable par kaun‑kaun se operations perform ho sakte hai.

Example:

int age = 19;

Yahan int compiler ko batata hai ki age ek integer value store karega.

2. Types of Data Types in C

C programming mein mainly 4 types ke data types hote hain:

1. Basic (Primitive) Data Types
2. Derived Data Types
3. User‑Defined Data Types
4. Void Data Type

1. Basic (Primitive) Data Types

Basic data types wo hote hain jo directly data store karte hain.

(i) int

int ka use whole numbers store karne ke liye hota hai.

int numbers = 100;

• Memory: Ye 2 bytes occupy karta hai 32-bit system mein aur 4 bytes occupy karta hai 64-bit system mein.
• Range: -32,768 se 32,767 (2 bytes system) and -2,147,483,648 se 2,147,483,647 (4 bytes system).

(ii) float

float ka use decimal values store karne ke liye hota hai.

float price = 99.50;

• Memory: 4 bytes
• Precision: 6 decimal digits tak

(iii) double

double bhi decimal values ke liye hota hai, lekin ye float se zyada accurate hota hai.

double pi = 3.1415926535;

• Memory: 8 bytes
• Precision: 15 decimal digits tak

(iv) char

char ka use single character store karne ke liye hota hai.

char grade = 'A';

• Memory: 1 byte
• Character single quotes ' ' mein likha jata hai

2. Derived Data Types

Derived data types basic data types se milkar bante hai.

(i) Array

Array ek hi type ki multiple values store karta hai.

int marks[5] = {80, 85, 90, 75, 88};

(ii) Pointer

Pointer ek variable hota hai jo dusre variable ka address store karta hai. Ye memory management and advanced programming mein use hota hai.

int a = 10;
int *p = &a;

(iii) Function

Function bhi ek derived data type maana jata hai jo kisi specific task ko perform karta hai.

function add(int a, int b){
         return a+b;
}

3. User-Defined Data Types

User-Defined Data Types ko ham khud create karte hai apni requirements ke according.

(i) struct

struct ka use different data types ko ek saath group karne ke liye hota hai.

struct Student {
    int id;
    char name[20];
    float marks;
};

(ii) union

union bhi struct jaisa hi hota hai, lekin sab members same memory share karte hain. Ye memory efficient hota hai.

union Data {
   int i;
   float f;
};

(iii) enum

enum ka use named constants banane ke liye hota hai.

enum Days {Mon, Tue, Wed, Thu, Fri};

(iv) typedef

typedef existing data type ka nickname banata hai.

typedef unsigned int uint;
uint age = 25;

4. Void Data Type

void ka matlab hota hai no value.

Example:

void display() {
    printf("Hello World");
}